Abstract Background Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) remain a significant global health challenge, driven by climatic and environmental changes that expand vector habitats. Community engagement is essential for sustainable mosquito control, yet no prior research has assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward mosquito control among adults in Bahrain. This study aimed to evaluate KAP related to mosquito control and examine variations across sociodemographic factors. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between March and June 2025 among adults (≥ 18 years) residing in Bahrain. A culturally adapted, previously validated KAP questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics summarized individual KAP items. KAP scores were converted to percentages and summarized using medians and interquartile ranges (IQR). Differences across sociodemographic groups were assessed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal–Wallis test. Results A total of 799 participants completed the survey. The median knowledge score was 50% (IQR: 38.5–62). Most participants identified common mosquito breeding sites such as swamps (77.6%) and plant pots (54.8%), and recognized mosquito bites as the primary mode of disease transmission (89.6%). Misconceptions persisted, particularly regarding transmission through contaminated water (43.7%). Attitudes were strongly positive (median: 88%; IQR: 80–96), with high agreement that MBDs are a serious health problem and that both individuals and the government share responsibility for mosquito control. The median practice score was 61% (IQR: 52–70); garbage disposal (77.1%) and removal of stagnant water (57.9%) were the most common preventive actions, while protective measures such as using insect repellent (38.5%) were less consistent. Differences in KAP scores were observed across age groups, sex, and nationality. Conclusion Adults in Bahrain demonstrated moderate knowledge, favorable attitudes, and moderately positive yet inconsistent practices toward mosquito control. Persistent misconceptions and gaps in preventive behavior highlight the need for strengthened health education. Targeted, culturally relevant messaging could enhance community engagement and support integrated mosquito-control strategies.
Alajaimi et al. (Wed,) studied this question.