Ovarian granulosa cell tumours (GCTs) are rare neoplasms derived from sex-cord stromal cells, constituting 2% to 5% of all ovarian cancers. They are predominantly of the adult form, which accounts for about 95% of cases and primarily affects perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, with a peak incidence at ages 50–55. These tumours are noteworthy for their hormone secretion, mainly estrogen, leading to endometrial alterations such as hyperplasia and cancer. Patients typically present with symptoms like abnormal vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, or distension. Despite their classification as low-grade malignancies with a tendency to remain localized, they exhibit an indolent course and risk of late recurrence. This case series reviews seven instances of ovarian GCTs diagnosed at Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, between 2015 and 2022. It highlights the variable clinical presentation and the necessity for prolonged follow-up. The cases involve women aged 37 to 62 who presented with symptoms ranging from postmenopausal bleeding to large abdominal masses. Diagnostic imaging and elevated inhibin b levels were common. Surgical interventions included hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, and omentectomy, with final histopathology confirming adult granulosa cell tumours. All patients were managed surgically with or without adjuvant treatment and have shown no disease recurrence. This series underscores the importance of recognizing the diverse presentations of adult GCTs and the critical need for long-term monitoring to manage potential recurrences effectively.
Sonwani et al. (Fri,) studied this question.