Assessing the Role of Technology in Crime Detection and Prevention in Nigerian University Biu

Abstract Globally, the adoption of surveillance technologies such as Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) has been driven by the need to enhance safety, accountability, and crime prevention in environments vulnerable to security breaches. Countries like the United Kingdom and the United States have demonstrated the effectiveness of CCTV in reducing opportunistic crimes and supporting post-incident investigations. In Africa, and particularly Nigeria, rising insecurity within university campuses including theft, vandalism, examination malpractice, and interpersonal violence has exposed the limitations of conventional security approaches that rely solely on human guards and patrols. This underscores the need for electronic surveillance systems to strengthen institutional safety. The present study aimed to examine the role of CCTV surveillance in crime prevention and detection within Nigerian Army University, Biu (NAUB), a military-oriented institution located in Borno State, a region affected by insurgency and criminal activity. A descriptive research design was employed, drawing on both primary and secondary data sources. Rational Choice Theory provided the theoretical framework, emphasizing how surveillance alters offenders’ cost–benefit calculations. Survey data were collected from 380 respondents across faculties and departments. Results revealed that 70.8% of respondents strongly agreed that CCTV cameras were strategically installed across the university (Table 1). Awareness levels were high, with 78.9% acknowledging the presence of CCTV in their faculties (Table 2). Furthermore, 55.2% confirmed that cameras were actively monitored by trained personnel, while 38.4% strongly agreed, indicating substantial operational oversight (Table 3). These findings demonstrate that CCTV integration has improved deterrence, accountability, and response efficiency within NAUB. Keywords: CCTV, Technology, crime, surveillance security