In Indonesia, notable differences in digestive diseases were observed across educational and residence groups. Although crude prevalence was higher among urban and non-poor, adjusted analysis revealed persistent disparities mainly driven by education and place of residence rather than household wealth. Reducing the burden of digestive diseases requires policy initiatives to enhance access to healthcare, nutrition, and sanitation, especially in rural and lower-education communities.
Al-Aghbari et al. (Fri,) studied this question.