In 1995, Medicare reduced payments by 50% for anesthesiologists teaching two residents concurrently. By 2004, anesthesiology residency programs were losing, on average, 400, 000 per year, causing many institutions to close their anesthesiology training programs. American Society of Anesthesiologists leaders tried unsuccessfully for several years to address this situation through appeals to Medicare. They then organized an advocacy effort to pass the Medicare Anesthesiology Teaching Funding Restoration Act of 2007, which in 2010 restored full payments for teaching anesthetics. From 2010 through 2024, anesthesiologists received 1. 262 billion from Medicare for 2. 8 million cases involving residents, which is between 442 million and 568 million more than if the legislation had not been enacted. Anesthesiology residency programs increased from 131 to 167 after the enactment. This historic legislation taught anesthesiologists that changing Medicare policies may require congressional action and that persistent and broad-based advocacy can make a legislative campaign successful.
Johnstone et al. (Thu,) studied this question.