Learning Management Systems (LMS) have seen a surge in popularity, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to their ability to enhance educational efficiency and effectiveness. Among LMS features, online exams have become essential for evaluating students' understanding and academic performance, significantly influencing their progression. However, ensuring the transparency and reliability of online exam results is crucial, as vulnerabilities like hacking can negatively affect students' grades. Traditional online exam systems frequently rely on centralized databases such as MySQL, which are prone to unauthorized access and data manipulation. This paper introduces a blockchain based framework designed to securely conduct and evaluate academic exams in a peer-to-peer environment. By leveraging hashing techniques to maintain data integrity and implementing a proof-of-stake mechanism for added security, the framework addresses key vulnerabilities found in conventional systems. Blockchain's decentralized structure and cryptographic hashing of each block provide a robust solution for safeguarding exam data.
Ponduri et al. (Wed,) studied this question.