Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease reprograms the lung into an immune organ through trained immunity, cell death networks, and immune checkpoint dysregulation

Key Points

• COPD alters lung function, influencing immune checkpoint signaling in lung tissues.
• The analysis shows evidence of immune cell-like trans-differentiation in structural cells.
• Observational analysis reveals the activation of diverse cell death pathways in COPD-affected lungs.
• These findings highlight potential therapeutic targets for immunomodulatory interventions in COPD.