Impacts of climate change and anthropogenic activities on carbon and water use efficiency in the agro-pastoral zone of Northern China

Key Points

• Water use efficiency decreased under climate change scenarios, impacting agriculture and livestock management.
• Carbon efficiency showed variations due to both climate change and anthropogenic activities in this region.
• Analysis of environmental data highlights challenges faced in balancing productivity and sustainability in agro-pastoral systems.
• Findings suggest a need for adaptive strategies to mitigate the impacts of these changes, ensuring future resource availability.