Glucose and Cognition: Effects on Pilot Reaction Time

The role of blood glucose concentration in influencing cognitive functions is a widely discussed topic in the context of nutrition, as carbohydrates are one of the key macronutrients. Pilot experience suggests that although eating before flight is recommended, in practice pilots often experience insufficient nutrition during duty, which may lead to hypoglycemia. Previous research has indicated that glycemia may affect certain cognitive functions and reduce performance. Available research is often limited to specific populations such as children or individuals with diabetes, and studies conducted in the aviation domain are largely absent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of glycemia on pilot reaction time. A total of 17 qualified pilots participated in an experiment designed to compare reaction times under fasting conditions and after glucose intake. Reaction times were measured using aircraft checklists and the Four Choice Reaction Time Task. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between two measurements (prior and after glucose intake) across all assessed measures, with reaction times consistently decreasing after glucose intake. These results indicate improved cognitive performance and greater consistency in responses, supporting the hypothesis of a positive influence of glucose on pilot cognitive functions. The findings highlight the importance of nutrition as a factor influencing pilot performance. The study contributes to the discussion on integrating dietary guidance into aviation practice, alongside existing recommendations on alcohol consumption, medication, sleep management, and stress control.