March 3, 2026

Design of Kagome Strip Crystals: Directing Role of Hydroxide versus Fluoride in A 2 M 3 ( X O 4 ) 2 ( Y ) 2 ( A = Na + , K + ; M = Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ ; X = P 5+ , As 5+ , V 5+ ; Y = (OH) − , F – )

Key Points

Kagome strip crystals exhibit distinct magnetic properties due to structural motifs and hybrid configurations.
Transition metals such as Mn, Co, and Ni were used to manipulate the magnetic interactions in these materials.
Hydrothermal synthesis methods facilitated the creation of large crystalline structures for magnetic alignment.
This study suggests that hydrogen bonding significantly influences the stability and formation of these complex crystal structures.

Abstract

Kagome strip phases are potential quantum materials due to their complex magnetic interactions that can be traced to their hybrid one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) structural motifs. Using a high-temperature hydrothermal method, the designed synthesis and crystal growth of a broad general class of Kagome strip materials with the formula A2M3(XO4)2(OH)2, where M is a range of divalent transition metal ions with differing spin values, are reported herein. An attempt to replace hydroxide with fluoride led to Na2M3(PO4)2F2 in a new structure type with 1D chains of half-delta transition metal arrangements. In both cases, the crystals were grown large enough to align in an external magnetic field, enabling future studies of their anisotropic magnetic properties. The structures are compared to one another with analysis of the importance of hydrogen bonding in the structure formation to enable future design of magnetically frustrated crystals.

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Design of Kagome Strip Crystals: Directing Role of Hydroxide versus Fluoride in A 2 M 3 ( X O 4 ) 2 ( Y ) 2 ( A = Na + , K + ; M = Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ ; X = P 5+ , As 5+ , V 5+ ; Y = (OH) − , F – )

Key Points

Abstract

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