Acoustic emission characteristics of the brittle–ductile transition for unsaturated rock during drilling process with confining pressures

Key Points

• Brittle-ductile transition characteristics can significantly influence drilling efficiency and safety.
• Key evidence shows varying acoustic emissions under different confining pressures, impacting rock response.
• Observational analysis focused on the drilling process, investigating acoustic emissions linked to material behavior.
• Highlighting the need to understand these transitions may improve drilling techniques in geotechnical applications.