Non-invasive techniques for flow rate measurement in water pipes: Systematic review

Key Points

• The review identifies several non-invasive techniques for flow rate measurement, enhancing accuracy in various settings.
• Among the methods, ultrasonic and electromagnetic flow meters show promising results for real-time data collection.
• Systematic review compiles data from diverse studies, evaluating effectiveness across multiple pipe materials and conditions.
• Improved techniques may reduce maintenance needs, but further exploration is necessary for wider implementation.