Swelling-shrinkage of an unsaturated clay upon freezing: Experimental investigation and data-driven modelling

Key Points

• Swelling and shrinkage occur significantly due to freezing, impacting the stability of structures.
• The study records a distinct swelling rate of up to 40% during freezing experiments.
• Experimental investigation combined with data-driven modelling provides insights into clay behavior.
• Findings highlight the need for careful consideration of unsaturated clay in engineering designs.