March 3, 2026Open Access

Myeloid-derived PD-L1 characterizes spatially organized immune architecture in colorectal cancer

QWQian WuYangtze University STS. TissotUniversity Hospital of Lausanne APAllyson PeddleKU Leuven

Key Points

High CD8/PD-L1 tumors display immune niches that may enhance anti-tumor activity.
The analysis reveals that PD-L1 is predominantly expressed on immune and stromal cells, especially macrophages.
Comprehensive spatial profiling utilizes multiplex immunofluorescence to visualize the immune landscape.
Tailoring immunotherapy based on immune architecture may improve patient stratification outcomes.

Abstract

This exploratory mIF analysis identifies PD-L1 expression predominantly on stromal and immune cells, enriched in IM, particularly on CD163+ macrophages. High CD8/PD-L1 tumors display spatially organized IM-specific immune niches featuring coordinated effector-regulatory interactions. Comprehensive spatial profiling of IM-enriched populations, including B cells, CD163+ macrophages, regulatory T cells, and NK cells alongside CD8/PD-L1, may refine patient stratification for immunotherapy in CRC.

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