The large-scale integration of inverter-based renewable energy, such as wind power, into the Nordic power grid challenges operational security by reducing system inertia and short-circuit strength. This paper investigates and compares the effectiveness of two power electronic solutions: Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and Enhanced STATCOMs (E-STATCOM), in mitigating these stability issues to support a reliable energy transition. A two-part methodology with a focus on the Nordic grid was implemented, starting with a system-wide stability analysis using phasor domain simulations. This was followed by the implementation of a grid code compliance test framework in the time domain, which can be used to evaluate a wind plant’s performance standalone and when paired with BESS or with E-STATCOM. The findings affirm that the technical debate should shift from whether large-scale renewables can be integrated to how they can be supported most effectively. The results demonstrate that wind power, when paired with either BESS or E-STATCOM, can be effectively and reliably integrated into the grid, successfully mitigating the stability challenges that arise from displacing conventional synchronous generation. The paper concludes that while both solutions are highly beneficial, their optimal deployment is context-dependent. By providing an overview of their technical services and value propositions, this research offers critical insights for stakeholders to select the most appropriate technology for ensuring the reliable integration of large-scale wind power.
Duque et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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