Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a well-known example of mitonuclear genetic conflict over sex determination in hermaphrodite plants, where mitochondrial genes maternally inherited sterilize the male function while biparental inherited nuclear genes restore it. CMS has been recently discovered in animals, in the freshwater snail Physa acuta. In this species, CMS is associated with two extremely divergent mitogenomes D and K compared to the classical mitogenome N. D individuals are male-steriles, while male fertility is restored in K individuals. To better understand the physiological aspects of CMS and their potential link to overall organism fitness, we compared the following variables among the three mitogenomes: phenotypic traits (male status, whole body mass and maximal shell length) ; mitochondrial aerobic metabolism (high resolution respirometry O2k, Oroboros) ; anaerobic cellular metabolism (enzymatic activities of the lactate dehydrogenase LDH, key enzyme of anaerobic metabolism; and the citrate synthase CS, key enzyme of aerobic metabolism). Description of the data and file structure The data countains: Measurements of phenotypic traits: Male status: male status of focal individual was assessed by pairing it to a virgin albino and by recording the pigmentation of the albino progeniture (unhatched offspring, about one week after the pairing using a binocular microscope) → pigmented offspring = focal individual was male-fertile, no or albino = focal individual was male-sterile. Following analyses were conducted exclusively on N and K male-fertile and D male-sterile individuals. Whole-body mass (shell+body): measured with a precision scale to the nearest 0. 001mg. Maximal shell length: photography analysed with the software ImageJ at the nearest 0. 001mm. Measurements of mitochondrial aerobic metabolism: mitochondrial functionality using high resolution respirometry (O2k, Oroboros; DatLab software), SUIT=substrate-inhibitor-uncoupler titration protocol Measurements of enzymatic activities: Enzyme activities (lactate dehydrogenase LDH, and citrate synthase CS) were measured spectrophotometrically lactate dehydrogenase. Files and variables File: Rscriptₚhenotypicₐnalysis. R Description: R script used for the analysis of phenotypic traits. File: dataₚhenotype. csv Description: Data related to the measurement of phenotypic traits (male status, whole-body mass and maximal shell length) in N, K and D individuals regarless of their male status. Variables mitotype: N for normal hermaphrodite, K for restored hermaphrodite and D for male-sterile individu: individual's number poids: whole body mass (shell+body) in g taille: maximal shell length in mm ponte albinos: presence (= 1) or absence (= 0) of eggs laid by the albino partner pigmentation ponte albinos: pigmentation of the offspring produced by the albino partner used to determine male status (1 = pigmented eggs; 0 = albinos) statut male: male status (sterile or fertile according to the pigmentation of the offsprings of the albino partner) File: dataₚhenotypeₛf. csv Description: Data related to the measurement of phenotypic traits (male status, whole-body mass and maximal shell length) in N and K male-fertile individuals (normal hermaphrodite and restored hermaphrodite, respectively) and D male-sterile individuals. Variables mitotype: N for normal hermaphrodite, K for restored hermaphrodite and D for male-sterile individu: individual's number poids: whole body mass (shell+body) in g taille: maximal shell length in mm ponte albinos: presence (= 1) or absence (= 0) of eggs laid by the albino partner pigmentation ponte albinos: pigmentation of the offspring produced by the albino partner used to determine male status (1 = pigmented eggs; 0 = albinos) statut male: male status (sterile or fertile according to the pigmentation of the offsprings of the albino partner) File: Rscriptₘitochondrialₘetabolism. R Description: R script used for the analysis of mitochondrial aerobic metabolism. File: respicorrect. csv, ratiocorrect. csv Description: Data related to the assessment of mitochondrial functionality using high-resolution respirometry. Variables in respicorrect. csv ID: individual's number Mitotype: N = normal hermaphrodite, K = restored hermaphrodite and D = male-sterile Dayₘito: Run: Oroboros: Chamber: State: refers to respiratory states which are AOX, CI OXPHOS, CI+II OXPHOS, CI+II LEAK, ETS, COX RespiO2: values in pmol O2/s/mg Variables in ratiocorrect. csv #: Mitotype: N = normal hermaphrodite, K = restored hermaphrodite and D = male-sterile ID: individual's number Dayₘito: Run: Oroboros: Chamber: mgₚhyse/mL: endo: sham: pm: adp: S: cytc: S/cytcₘax: o: FCCP: aa: sham: asc: tmpd: azd: AOXₑndo: CILEAK: CIOXPHOS: CI+IIOXPHOS: %cytC: CI+IILEAK: ETS: COX: OxCE: OxCEETS: ReserveCapacity: CIcontrib: CIIcontrib: File: Rscriptₑnzymaticₐctivitiesₐnalysis. R Description: R script used for the analysis of anaerobic metabolism. File: dataₑnzymaticₐctivities. csv Description: Data related to the assessment of enzymatic activities. Variables Mitotype: N = normal hermaphrodite, K = restored hermaphrodite and D = male-sterile ID: individual's number Tissueₘass: Tissueconcentration: CS: LDH: LDHCS: Code/software Rscriptₚhenotypicₐnalysis. R associated with data files: dataₚhenotype. csv dataₚhenotypeₛf. csv Rscriptₘitochondrialₘetabolism. R associated with the data file: respicorrect. csv ratiocorrect. csv Rscriptₑnzymaticₐctivitiesₐnalysis. R associated with the data file: dataₑnzymaticₐctivities. csv
Bererd et al. (Tue,) studied this question.