Impact Evaluation of Community-Based Tuberculosis Screening Initiative in Mumbai Slums: An Immediate Implementation Study in Ethiopia

This study examines the impact of a community-based tuberculosis (TB) screening initiative in Mumbai slums and its immediate implementation in Ethiopia. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from a sample survey with qualitative insights through focus group discussions. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis to assess implementation fidelity and participant satisfaction. In the screening initiative in Mumbai slums, an 85% uptake rate was observed among eligible individuals, with a sensitivity of 92% for TB diagnosis based on chest X-rays. In Ethiopia, despite logistical challenges, participant satisfaction levels were high at 70%, indicating potential for scaling up. The findings suggest that community-based TB screening can be effective in resource-limited settings if tailored to local contexts and supported by comprehensive health infrastructure. Further research is needed to refine the screening protocols and assess long-term outcomes. Policy recommendations include integrating these initiatives into national TB control programmes with adequate funding and training for healthcare workers. Treatment effect was estimated with logit (pᵢ) =₀+^ Xᵢ, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.