This paper proposes a novel salient object detection method for operational hole localization in metallurgical furnaces, addressing challenging industrial conditions including extreme illumination variations and strong electromagnetic interference to enable two-level measurement in aluminum electrolysis cells and impact position recognition of the front-of-furnace operation robot. It employs a multi-feature fusion framework combining foreground and background saliency maps with center prior maps. Foreground saliency maps are generated through spatial compactness and local contrast computations, enhancing discriminative features while suppressing shared foreground–background characteristics. Background saliency maps are constructed via sparse reconstruction to exploit redundant features. Then method integrates edge extraction and density clustering to generate center prior maps that emphasize foreground target centroids and mitigate background noise. Comprehensive evaluations on both a specialized operational hole dataset and six public datasets demonstrate superior performance compared to other methods. On the specialized dataset, it achieves a precision of 0.8954, a maximum F-measure of 0.8994, and an S-measure of 0.8662. While maintaining operational robustness, the method offers a practical solution for furnace monitoring and robotic operation guidance in metallurgical processes.
Pan et al. (Wed,) studied this question.