Abstract This study investigated formaldehyde emissions from iron and steel industry processes in the Zonguldak-Ereğli urban development region, one of the major industrial centers of Europe and Türkiye, using tropospheric measurement data collected using the Sentinel 5p Tropospheric Measurement Instrument between (WHO 2019) and 2024. Taking into the cloudiness of tropospheric measurement data, 1408 positive values from the 1736 measurements obtained with Google Earth Engine geospatial web applications were examined and evaluated as Sentinel 5p observation data. Measurements in mol/m 2 were converted to mass/volume, and outdoor exposure values were compared with international standard threshold values to determine risk levels for workers in three major industrial areas and those living near industrial facilities. In the study, a weighted daily average emission value based on population was estimated as 0.001 mg/m 3 . The map-based study shows widespread formaldehyde formation in industrial facilities and urban areas. When the findings were evaluated in terms of health risks, the average daily concentration for chronic cancer risk was 0.9589 μg/m 3 , the hazard ratio was 2.5, and the individual's probability of developing cancer was 0.04. The hazard ratio being greater than one and the probability of cancer remaining above the chronic exposure limits indicate that formaldehyde exposure poses a negative health risk to both workers and residents in the area. The findings highlight the need for strict environmental regulations and enforcement, particularly regarding formaldehyde.
Akcin et al. (Tue,) studied this question.