This work examines the paradox of human civilization: although humanity is biologically a single species, social structures continuously divide it into religions, nations, ideologies, classes, and identities. These divisions shape perception, loyalty, and conflict to such an extent that humans begin to see each other as fundamentally separate groups rather than members of one species. The paper argues that such divisions are not merely cultural differences but powerful psychological and institutional constructions that reproduce hostility, competition, and systemic violence. When these divisions dominate human consciousness, they generate a self-destructive dynamic where humanity collectively threatens its own survival as well as the ecological systems it depends on. Through philosophical reflection and socio-structural analysis, this work explores how identity systems shape perception, fragment human unity, and potentially lead civilization toward collective self-destruction.
Mayank Singh (Thu,) studied this question.