What question did this study set out to answer?

To develop an evidence-based framework that optimizes meeting room capacity and configuration using occupancy sensing and analytics.

March 13, 2026

Beyond peak demand: integrating occupancy sensing and analytics for evidence-based meeting space optimization

Key Points

To develop an evidence-based framework that optimizes meeting room capacity and configuration using occupancy sensing and analytics.
Utilized seat-mounted sensors to track minute-level occupancy in 17 meeting rooms for 10 days
Applied service-level sizing at the 95th percentile and Full Downward Substitution for room configuration
Employed K-means clustering to identify meeting archetypes
Conducted a Monte Carlo simulation evaluating 486 room configurations across 10,000 iterations
The FDS configuration met the aggregate P95 target, with a 5.71% failure rate
Clustering revealed two dominant meeting archetypes: light and heavy
28% of meetings indicated a need for single-person focus rooms
The selected configuration reduced active meeting area by 22.8% and lowered failures to approximately 3%

Abstract

Purpose Meeting room portfolios are often provisioned using peak-demand assumptions and booking data that overestimate actual use. This study aims to develop and test an evidence-based framework for optimizing meeting room capacity and configuration using minute-level occupancy sensing and analytics. Design/methodology/approach Seat-mounted sensors recorded minute-by-minute occupancy in 17 meeting rooms over 10 working days, yielding 802 detected meetings. Service-level sizing at the 95th percentile (P95) and Full Downward Substitution (FDS) produced an FDS service-level room configuration. K-means clustering identified meeting archetypes, which were used to parameterize a collision-aware Monte Carlo simulation that evaluated 486 candidate configurations over 10,000 iterations. Findings The FDS service-level configuration met the aggregate P95 target but still resulted in a 5.71% failure rate, underscoring the importance of temporal overlap. Clustering revealed two dominant archetypes (light and heavy), and the data indicated a material need for single-person focus rooms (28% of meetings). In the studied meeting room portfolio, the selected configuration (1 Focus F, 4 Small S, 5 Medium M, 3 Medium-plus MP, 1 Large L and 1 Extra-large XL) reduced the active meeting area by 22.8% while lowering failures to approximately 3%. Practical implications Minute-level sensing enables corporate real estate (CRE) teams to set explicit service targets, quantify tradeoffs between space and failure risk and validate redesign decisions under uncertainty. The framework offers an implementable blueprint for meeting room redesign and governance. Originality/value The study integrates service-level sizing, substitution-based room-configuration design, clustering and simulation-based validation into a single workflow, providing an actionable link between occupancy analytics and portfolio design. This integrated approach enables CRE teams to move beyond measurement to prescriptive action, addressing a gap left by prior studies that stop at utilization reporting.

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