This study presents an experimental analysis of a standalone hybrid smart microgrid system designed for remote areas lacking conventional grid access. The considered microgrid integrates wind energy conversion systems, photovoltaic panels, and battery storage, operating in standalone or grid-connected modes. Given the intermittent nature of renewable sources, maintaining an active power balance is essential for ensuring frequency and voltage stability. The proposed system employs the simplest proportional-integral-derivative controllers to regulate output AC voltage (∼450 V) with constant amplitude and frequency, and to stabilize the DC link voltage at 220 V under varying load conditions, wind speeds, and solar irradiance. The main objective is to achieve effective control coordination among components of the hybrid renewable energy system, ensuring reliable power delivery. Simulation and experimental results validate the performance of the proposed system, particularly in minimizing partial charge/discharge states in batteries. This highlights the suitability of the proposed system for sustainable energy supply in remote and rural locations.
Jarupula et al. (Sun,) studied this question.