Abstract Current cosmology describes the universe with the ΛCDM model, in which approximately 95% of the cosmic energy density is attributed to dark components: dark energy and dark matter. While ΛCDM successfully reproduces a wide range of observations, the physical nature of these components remains unknown. Structural Differentiation Cosmology (SDC) proposes an alternative interpretation. In SDC, cosmic acceleration is not driven by an independent dark energy component but emerges as an observational projection of irreversible internal structural differentiation within a relationally evolving, externally closed universe. This note explores the predictive implications of this viewpoint. If SDC is correct, the phenomenon currently attributed to dark energy corresponds to a geometric–observational projection of structural evolution rather than a physical energy density. Furthermore, at least part of the phenomena presently interpreted as dark matter may not correspond to undiscovered particles but instead arise from scale-dependent structural configurations and relational density distributions. We outline several observational consequences of this reinterpretation, including geometry–growth consistency tests, high-redshift divergence in structure growth, and the continued non-detection of dark matter particles. These provide potential empirical pathways for distinguishing SDC from ΛCDM. If confirmed, this framework suggests that a significant fraction of what is currently counted as “unknown cosmic components” may instead reflect a misinterpretation of structural projection within an evolving cosmic network.
Koji Okino (Sat,) studied this question.