Electric vehicles (EVs) are a transformational and environmentally friendly means of transportation that are powered by electricity and are increasingly being acknowledged as a sustainable alternative to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. This paper investigates the field of EV charging standards and explores the innovative charging technologies in North America, Europe, and China. It underscores the importance of established schemes in supporting smooth charging processes which accordingly facilitate the global adoption of EVs. Advanced charging technologies, including Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems, wireless charging, and off-grid solutions, highlighting their potential to transform the EV ecosystem, are introduced. The on-ground deployment of these technologies is demonstrated by exploring a few real-world implementation examples. The paper also emphasizes how charging regulations and standards can boost sustainability, mitigate the concerns of limited driving ranges, and establish resilient infrastructure. The transition to electrified transport depends on the deployment of interoperable charging standards, advances in charging technologies, and coordinated business models that enable renewable-integrated and storage-enabled charging infrastructure.
Yasin et al. (2025) studied this question.