The Effectiveness of Incident Command System (ICS) Approach in Building Disaster Resilience of Health Care Facilities: A Scoping Review

Introduction: Indonesia is a country that is vulnerable to natural, non-natural, and social disasters. The Indonesian Health Law mandates that health facilities have a hospital disaster plan document to increase disaster resilience. The Disaster Management Agency uses the command system approach (ICS) in disaster management for more efficient task distribution in the disaster response phase. The objective is to conduct a review of disaster plan documents prepared using ICS to effectively form disaster resilience. Methods: This study is a scoping review, articles were obtained from the search process in the PubMed database and, Portal Garuda. The inclusion criteria for articles are English and Indonesian literature, published from 1997-2023, quantitative and/or qualitative research with a research population in the form of health service facilities or health workers working in health service facilities, and the full article can be accessed. Gradual screening was carried out and documented according to the PRISMA flowchart. The screening articles were assessed for validity, and article extraction and synthesis were carried out manually. Results: In the screening process, twelve articles were obtained. The resilience of health facilities is mostly assessed using the hospital safety index instrument, with the command system component as one of the components assessed. Several articles continue the assessment using HSI with in-depth interviews. Conclusion: The ICS approach is effective in disaster management within healthcare facilities and is recommended to be used in the organization of healthcare facility disaster management teams. Gadjah Mada University actively advocates to the Ministry of Health, Provincial and District Health Offices, as well as healthcare facilities in Indonesia, to use this approach in the development of their disaster management structure as part of their institutional contingency plan for health crisis management.