What question did this study set out to answer?

This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of seismic risk reduction programs on hospital functionality during earthquakes.

March 25, 2026

The Effectiveness of Comprehensive Seismic Risk Reduction Programs in Maintaining Hospital Functionality in Earthquake-Prone Regions of the Middle East

Key Points

This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of seismic risk reduction programs on hospital functionality during earthquakes.
Conducted a systematic literature review on hospitals in earthquake-prone Middle Eastern regions.
Searched multiple databases including EBSCO, Cochrane, and Scopus for relevant studies from 2009 to 2024.
Included studies focused on comprehensive or partial seismic risk reduction programs.
Five relevant studies were identified that met inclusion criteria.
Significant disparities were observed in hospital preparedness and functionality post-earthquake.
Hospitals with comprehensive programs showcased higher functionality after seismic events.

Abstract

Introduction: Seismic risk reduction strategies are vital for maintaining hospital functionality during and after earthquakes, particularly in the Middle East region, which is known for its high seismic activity. Hospitals must remain operational to provide essential services during disasters. This review evaluates the effectiveness of comprehensive seismic risk reduction programs in enhancing hospital functionality after an earthquake. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted, targeting hospitals in earthquake-prone regions of the Middle East. Databases searched included EBSCO, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, EconLit, and Google Scholar, including cross-sectional, case study, and mixed-method studies published between 2009 and 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on hospitals implementing comprehensive or partial seismic risk reduction programs. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by three independent reviewers using standardized tools. Results: Five studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings revealed significant disparities in hospital preparedness and functionality. Structural and non-structural measures, such as retrofitting and staff training, should have been utilized. Hospitals with comprehensive programs demonstrated higher functionality post-earthquake. However, financial constraints, lack of technical expertise, and insufficient regulatory frameworks hindered effective implementation. Mobile hospitals were highlighted as an innovative solution to address capacity shortages during seismic events. Conclusion: Despite the benefits of seismic risk reduction strategies, significant gaps remain in structural resilience and non structural support systems. Future research should focus on long-term impacts, integration of mental health services, and innovative strategies like mobile hospitals to enhance disaster preparedness and response. Collaborative efforts among stakeholders are crucial to fostering a resilient healthcare infrastructure capable of withstanding seismic threats.

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