Waste glass enhances pervious concrete durability: sulfate and freeze–thaw resistance

The stockpile of waste glass is enormous, while its recycling rate remains low. This study investigates the degradation laws of pervious concrete (PC) incorporating waste glass powder (WGP) and waste glass sand (WGS) under severe degradation factors such as freeze–thaw cycles and sulfate dry–wet cycles in western China. The results show that: with increasing freeze–thaw cycles, the mass loss rate of all three specimen groups first decreases then increases, while the compressive strength loss rate continuously rises. The incorporation of WGP and WGS reduces both mass loss rate and compressive strength loss rate at equivalent cycles, demonstrating enhanced frost resistance. During sulfate dry–wet cycles, the value of mass loss rate changes from negative to positive, while the corrosion resistance coefficient of compressive strength first increases then decreases. WGP/WGS addition reduces both mass loss rate and compressive strength corrosion resistance coefficient at identical cycles, improving sulfate resistance. The degradation model established using Copula distribution functions aligns with experimental degradation laws, effectively describing the degradation process of WGP/WGS-added PC under freeze–thaw and sulfate attacks.