Abstract Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells lack oestrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptors, limiting conventional receptor-targeted treatments. Chemotherapy, though widely used, is non-selective, causing toxicity and requiring high doses due to poor bioavailability. Albumin is known for its high drug-binding capacity, biocompatibility, and bioavailability. Aim: This study explores targeted drug delivery to TNBC cells using albumin-coated nanoparticles. Methods: The study employed albumin-coated Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles (CdO NPs) as a novel therapeutic approach. The anti-cancer activity of the NPs against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231) compared to uncoated CdO NPs and Doxorubicin in vitro were assessed. Cadmium oxide NPs were synthesized using green and chemical reduction methods, with Synadenium cupulare leaf extract employed in the green synthesis. The nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, XPS, TEM, SEM, UV-VIS, and FTIR. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay on MDA-MB231 and Vero cell lines. Results and Discussion: Chemically synthesized CdO NPs exhibited the highest inhibition against MDA-MB231 cells at 5µg/ml, then coated with albumin, and their inhibition remained consistently higher than for both chemically synthesized and green-synthesized CdO NPs. Doxorubicin showed the highest inhibition at a lower concentration of 1µg/ml. However, albumin-coated CdO NPs showed lower inhibition on Vero (normal or non-cancerous) cell lines compared to Doxorubicin, thereby demonstrating the selectivity of the albumin-coated CdO NPs. Conclusion: These findings suggest that albumin coating enhances nanoparticles' therapeutic efficacy. This research provides valuable insights into developing effective anti-TNBC treatment options, potentially improving patient outcomes. Citation Format: Relebohile Patricia. Lefojane, Ayodeji Adegoke, Polo Hildah. Mfengwana. Enhancing the Therapeutic Efficacy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer by using Albumin coated Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles abstract. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Brain Cancer; 2026 Mar 23-25; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2026;86 (6Suppl): Abstract nr B015.
Lefojane et al. (Mon,) studied this question.