Electric arc furnace smelting is essential for producing high-titanium slag from ilmenite; however, it suffers from low heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency in the plasma arc and severe molten pool splashing. This work proposes a regulation scheme that employs an external axial magnetic field in the plasma domain to control the plasma arc, thereby alleviating molten pool interface fluctuations. Then, the effect of the external axial magnetic field on the plasma jet and the effect on the molten pool interface were made clear. The simulation results show that a field strength of 4 mT makes the 2100 K isotherm much wider than it would be without an external magnetic field. The peak velocity at the plasma arc axis goes down by 14.09%, the peak pressure goes down by 26.53%, the depth of the molten pool pit goes down by 15.34%, and the width goes up by 36.08%. The pit width gets about 10% wider on average when the magnetic field strength goes from 10 to 20 mT, and the depth gets about 17% shallower on average. The study also shows how an outside magnetic field can stop the Marangoni effect, which stops molten material from splattering off the surface of the molten pool. The method not only helps us understand how to improve the efficiency of heat and mass transfer in the EAF, but it also gives us a solid theoretical base for optimizing and designing new high-titanium slag EAFs. This will help the metallurgical industry grow in a green and low-carbon way.
Guo et al. (Sun,) studied this question.