A review on recent advances and challenges in flexible supercapacitors with manganese oxide-based electrodes

Driven by the growing demand for flexible and portable electronics, extensive research has focused on developing high-performance, adaptable energy storage solutions. This pursuit has led to significant advancements in materials science, nanotechnology, and manufacturing techniques, enabling the creation of flexible supercapacitors with enhanced energy storage capabilities. Among the promising electrode materials are manganese oxide-based materials, which exhibit high electrochemical activity, low cost, and environmental friendliness. This review will provide an overview of the recent progress in fabricating flexible supercapacitors using manganese-based electrodes, including innovative material designs and their integration with flexible substrates and advanced assembly techniques. Furthermore, it will address the key challenges and future research directions in the field of flexible energy storage. • Advances in Mn-based electrodes enhance flexible supercapacitor performance and stability. • Innovative designs integrate MnOₓ with flexible substrates for efficient energy storage. • Key challenges and future directions in Mn-based flexible supercapacitors.