In this study, we developed an immersive VR simulator themed around lunar module operations and constructed a communication architecture that synchronizes physical switch inputs with virtual object behaviors in real time. The ESP32 functions as a TCP client, communicating asynchronously with the Unity application. By implementing a thread-safe structure and debounce processing, signal chattering was suppressed, while Time.realtimeSinceStartup ensured stable timing management. Additionally, an auxiliary ESP32-B device was configured to control LEDs in four modes based on the state of the lunar module, providing both visual and tactile feedback. This system allows users to experience multimodal interaction through visual and haptic stimuli, enhancing immersion and operability. The proposed system shows promise as an educational tool for experiential space science and is also meaningful from an engineering perspective in addressing VR sickness and promoting learner engagement.
GAKE et al. (Wed,) studied this question.