The early organogenesis stage is a critical phase of embryogenesis that lays the foundation for organ development, characterized by highly dynamic and diversified spatial and transcriptional changes in cellular composition. However, the absence of spatial transcriptomic information for this stage has impeded a deeper understanding of primate early organogenesis and its underlying mechanisms. Here, we present for the first time a comprehensive 3D spatial transcriptomic atlas of cynomolgus monkey embryos at Carnegie Stages (CS) 9 and 10, encompassing key events such as cardiogenesis, gut tube development, neurulation, prechordal plate and notochord development as well as somitogenesis. Using spatial transcriptomic profiling, we identified distinct subclusters within ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal derivatives associated with these hallmark processes of early organogenesis, highlighting spatially restricted gene expression patterns and signaling interactions. By studying cellular interactions associated with axial development, we developed a co-culture system integrating neural and mesodermal lineages, resulting in a somito-neuruloid model capable of autonomously recapitulating somite segmentation and elongation in vitro. This platform revealed the intrinsic role of neural-somite interactions in morphogenesis, providing a physiologically relevant model for axial development. Collectively, this spatially resolved molecular atlas provides critical knowledge for elucidating the complexities of primate embryogenesis and serves as a valuable resource for improving future in vitro organoid and embryo model formation.
梁郎超(langchao liang) (Thu,) studied this question.