What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to explore the antibacterial effects and mechanisms of Gardenia jasminoides essential oil against Streptococcus agalactiae.

April 1, 2026Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica0 citationsOpen Access

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Gardenia Jasminoides Essential Oil Against Streptococcus Agalactiae in Acrossocheilus Fasciatus

SSShang-Ze SONG XPXian-Qi PENG LHLei HuangNanjing Agricultural University

Key Points

The research aims to explore the antibacterial effects and mechanisms of Gardenia jasminoides essential oil against Streptococcus agalactiae.
Extracted essential oil using supercritical CO2 fluid extraction
Analyzed chemical composition via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
Performed in vitro assays to determine minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations
Conducted electron microscopy to observe structural damage
Tested dietary supplementation in an in vivo model for survival rate during GBS infection
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GEO against GBS was 3.13 mg/mL
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was found to be 12.50 mg/mL
GEO significantly disrupted bacterial cell membranes and increased protein leakage
Marked reduction in biofilm formation observed
Dietary GEO supplementation improved survival rates of Acrossocheilus fasciatus in GBS infection and reduced bacterial load in liver and brain tissues

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity and underlying mechanism of Gardenia jasminoides essential oil (GEO) against Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS). GEO was extracted using supercritical CO2 fluid extraction, and its chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that GEO was primarily composed of alcoholic and olefinic compounds. In vitro assays revealed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of GEO against GBS were 3.13 and 12.50 mg/mL, respectively. GEO at 1/2 MIC significantly inhibited bacterial growth, disrupted cell membrane integrity, and led to increased protein leakage and alkaline phosphatase activity (PIn vivo challenge tests demonstrated that dietary supplementation with GEO (2 g/kg) significantly enhanced the survival rate of Acrossocheilus fasciatus upon GBS infection and notably reduced the bacterial load in the liver and brain tissues. These findings suggest that GEO possesses notable antibacterial activity against GBS, likely through the disruption of cellular structures, and exhibits potential for development as a green antibacterial agent in aquaculture.

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