Beyond Ethnic Ties: Social Mobility in Second-Generation Nikkei-Peruvians in Japan

Among Japan’s 49,000 Peruvian residents, nearly half are second-generation, primarily working in manual labor. This research examines how second-generation Nikkei Peruvians in Aichi, Japan achieve social mobility through non-ethnic community networks. Through a questionnaire with 57 participants across five Japanese cities, this study found that 77% of those engaged in non-ethnic networks experienced upward mobility, versus just 10% of those without such connections. Community involvement substantially impacts educational and occupational outcomes, with 68% of participants reporting its influence on their status advancement. Non-ethnic networks facilitate upward mobility through multiple mechanisms: professional connections leading to career advancement, access to educational opportunities via mentorship, enhanced language and cultural competencies, and development of bridging social capital that complements existing ethnic ties. The study particularly highlights the significance of these networks in facilitating transitions from manual to non-manual occupations within Japan’s social structure. Additionally, it contributes to existing literature by focusing on an understudied migrant group in Japan, clarifying how non-ethnic social networks can mitigate structural barriers and promote upward mobility.