What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to evaluate how two primers affect the bond strength of resin cement to various zirconia ceramics.

April 3, 2026Open Access

Effect of 4-META and 10-MDP primers on the adhesion of resin cement to conventional and translucent polycrystalline dental ceramics

Key Points

The study aims to evaluate how two primers affect the bond strength of resin cement to various zirconia ceramics.
Evaluated 1 wt% solutions of 4-META and 10-MDP as primers
Conducted microshear bond strength tests and contact angle measurements
Used two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test for data analysis
No significant difference in immediate bond strength for 3Y-TZP and 4Y-PSZ among primers
10-MDP showed higher bond strength on 5Y-PSZ compared to 4-META
4-META had significantly lower bond strength on 5Y-PSZ after aging
10-MDP consistently provided stable bonding across all zirconia types

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of different experimental primers containing 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META) and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) on microshear bond strength (µSBS) and contact angle (CA) in different generations of zirconia. Two experimental primers were prepared: 1 wt% 10-MDP in an ethanol-water solution and 1 wt% 4-META in an acetone-water solution. A commercial primer (Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus) served as the control. Three zirconia types (3Y-TZP, 4Y-PSZ, 5Y-PSZ) were conditioned and bonded with RelyX ARC resin cement. µSBS (n = 6) was measured after 48 h and after 5,000 thermocycles, and fracture patterns were assessed. CA measurements (n = 8) were obtained using the sessile drop method. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Immediate µSBS showed no differences among primers for 3Y-TZP and 4Y-PSZ (p > 0.05), whereas 10-MDP yielded higher values on 5Y-PSZ compared with 4-META (37.04 ± 5.60 MPa vs. 28.53 ± 4.62 MPa; p = 0.028). After aging, 4-META showed significantly lower µSBS on 5Y-PSZ (8.27 ± 7.56 MPa) than 10-MDP and control (p < 0.001). For contact angle, 4-META produced lower values on 5Y-PSZ than on 3Y-TZP and 4Y-PSZ (p < 0.001), while 10-MDP had the lowest CA on 3Y-TZP (p = 0.002). Adhesive failures predominated. The 10-MDP primer showed stable bonding across all zirconia types, whereas 4-META exhibited reduced bonding stability, particularly on cubic-rich zirconias. These findings highlight the importance of zirconia composition and monomer chemistry in adhesion, indicating that simplified MDP-based formulations may provide effective bonding to high-translucency zirconias.

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