Research on the Role of Psychological Factors in the Onset and Disease Management of Hypertension

Hypertension, as a prevalent global risk factor for cardiovascular disease, poses a severe public health challenge due to its high incidence, disability, and mortality rates. Traditional medical models have primarily focused on physiological and behavioral factors, while insufficient attention has been paid to psychosocial determinants. This paper systematically explores the dual role of psychological factors in both the onset and management of hypertension. It reviews the associations between psychological variables—such as stress, emotional disorders, personality traits, and social support—and hypertension, and elucidates the biological mechanisms through which these factors influence blood pressure, particularly via neuroendocrine pathways. Furthermore, it analyzes how psychological factors interfere with treatment adherence, the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions, and patients’ illness perception. On this basis, the necessity and effectiveness of integrating psychological assessment and intervention into comprehensive hypertension management are demonstrated. Finally, future prospects for precision and individualized prevention and treatment strategies from a psychosomatic medicine perspective are proposed. The findings suggest that constructing an integrated intervention system under the bio-psycho-social medical model is essential for improving the effectiveness of hypertension prevention and control.