The European Commission with a Communication called ‘Maritime safety: at the heart of clean and modern shipping’ intended to amend the legal structure on maritime safety and sustainability with the review of all the relevant legislation. Significant amendments have been introduced in areas such as maritime safety, pollution prevention, digitalization and decarbonization and are analysed in this paper. Furthermore, the development of the European port strategy and organization is considered for its importance in the energy transition and its cooperation with the trans-European transport network since the ambition and the ultimate goal of the EU is to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to contribute on the development of sustainable transport infrastructures. Finally, the English national approach related to port structure and development of the Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) for the achievement of marine safety, efficiency of navigation, and protection of the marine environment within the broader European context is presented.
Christina Zournatzi (Sun,) studied this question.