What question did this study set out to answer?

To determine the prognostic value of the HALP score in predicting in-hospital mortality among patients with infective endocarditis.

April 7, 2026Journal of Clinical Medicine1 citationsOpen Access

Prognostic Value of HALP Score for In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Infective Endocarditis

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EHEmirhan HancıoğluIstanbul Medipol University SÖSevgi ÖzcanMinistry of Health SYSevil Tuğrul YavuzYang Hospital

Key Points

To determine the prognostic value of the HALP score in predicting in-hospital mortality among patients with infective endocarditis.
Retrospective cohort design at two centers involving 218 hospitalized adult patients with infective endocarditis.
HALP score calculated from laboratory values at admission.
In-hospital mortality was the primary outcome, with ROC analysis used to establish cut-off values.
Survival analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and independent predictors assessed via Cox regression.
In-hospital mortality was 38.5% among patients studied.
Patients with low HALP scores had significantly lower scores than survivors and were more likely to experience severe complications.
ROC analysis indicated good discriminatory performance (AUC 0.784) with an optimal cut-off of 15.1.
One-year mortality was markedly higher in the low HALP group (42.9% vs. 18.2%, p = 0.005).

Abstract

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) remains associated with high morbidity and mortality despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Markers reflecting both inflammatory burden and nutritional status may improve early risk stratification. The hemoglobin-albumin-lymphocyte-platelet (HALP) score is a composite index integrating hematologic and nutritional parameters; however, its prognostic value in IE has not been well established. Methods: This two-center retrospective cohort study included 218 adult patients hospitalized with IE between January 2016 and January 2025. HALP score was calculated from admission laboratory values. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and 1-year mortality was evaluated as a secondary outcome. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off value. Patients were categorized into low- and high-HALP groups, and survival was assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Cox regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 218 patients were analyzed. In-hospital mortality occurred in 38.5% of patients. HALP score was significantly lower in non-survivors and was independently associated with in-hospital mortality. ROC analysis demonstrated good discriminatory performance (AUC 0.784), with an optimal cut-off value of 15.1 (sensitivity 73.9%, specificity 73.8%). Low HALP scores were associated with more advanced functional status, more frequent intracardiac complications, and higher rates of acute heart failure, renal failure, and septic shock. One-year mortality was also higher in the low-HALP group (42.9% vs. 18.2%, p = 0.005). Conclusions: HALP score is independently associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with IE and identifies a subgroup with more severe disease and worse outcomes. As an easily calculated parameter, it may serve as a complementary tool for risk stratification and clinical decision-making.

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Cite This Study

Hancıoğlu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69d49fe5b33cc4c35a228623 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15072707

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