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The effect of the intercalated alkaline cations between the adjacent layers of multilayered manganese oxide (MnOx) towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was investigated. Li-MnOx, Na-MnOx, K-MnOx, Rb-MnOx, and Cs-MnOx provide OER overpotentials of 1.64, 1.70, 1.79, 1.83, and 1.84 V vs. RHE, respectively as well as ORR overpotentials of 0.71, 1.06, 1.13, 1.15, and 1.14 V vs. RHE, respectively. Li-MnOx shows the highest bifunctional catalytic activity towards both the ORR and OER. In addition, the Gibbs free energy change of *OH adsorption is found to be the largest throughout the reaction pathways determining the rate of the whole ORR and OER.
Kosasang et al. (Mon,) studied this question.