Barriers to help-seeking among male victims of female-perpetrated intimate partner violence: Insights from Black, Latino, and White men.

This study examined barriers to help-seeking among male victims of intimate partner violence perpetrated by female partners, comparing differences across non-Latino Black, Latino, and non-Latino White men in the United States.Using a sample of 1,194 men recruited through the online panel Centiment, this study assessed the prevalence of specific barriers to help-seeking and examined differences across racial/ethnic groups.Data were collected through a structured survey with an additional open-ended item to capture barriers not reflected in the checklist.Results indicated that men across all racial/ethnic groups reported similar core barriers to help-seeking, including viewing intimate partner violence as a private matter, fear of retaliation, shame, and concerns about not being believed; however, the pattern of barrier endorsement varied by group.Latino men were significantly more likely than both Black and White men to report difficulty knowing how to disclose their experiences and were more likely than White men to report language-and immigration-related barriers.In contrast, Black men were less likely than Latino and White men to report concerns about bias or disbelief, a pattern that warrants cautious interpretation given broader historical and structural contexts.White men, meanwhile, were more likely than Latino men to report difficulty recognizing or labeling their experiences as abuse.Together, these findings highlight the need for culturally responsive, gender-inclusive interventions that address stigma, structural barriers, and institutional biases shaping men's help-seeking and service engagement following intimate partner violence victimization. Public Significance StatementMale victims of intimate partner violence often encounter barriers to seeking support, yet their experiences remain underrepresented in both research and services.This study offers insight into the challenges faced by Black, Latino, and White men, emphasizing how social, cultural, and structural factors can shape men's help-seeking pathways.By centering men's perspectives across racial and ethnic backgrounds, the findings support a more inclusive understanding of intimate partner violence and underscore the importance of trauma-informed, culturally responsive, and gender-inclusive interventions that broaden access to and engagement with existing services.