The Role of Tectonics on the Emergence and Evolution of Volcanic Features: An Introduction

This study evaluates the tectonic controls on the emergence and evolution of magmatic systems across four primary geodynamic settings, characterized by divergent and convergent lithospheric boundaries in both oceanic and continental domains. These settings are governed by distinct extensional and compressional stress fields, resulting in four global volcanic regimes: (i) mid-ocean ridges (MORs), defined by tholeiitic basaltic volcanism and seafloor spreading, with Iceland serving as a subaerial analog; (ii) continental rift zones, where alkaline magmatism, such as Mount Kilimanjaro, characterizes lithospheric extension; (iii) intra-oceanic island arcs, formed by subduction-related processes (e.g. the Philippines); and (iv) active continental margin arcs, characterized by calc-alkaline andesitic volcanism. Comparative analysis highlights the role of back-arc basins in the development of the Japanese and Aegean arcs, contrasting with the Andean arc, which lacks such features. Additionally, intraplate hotspot volcanism (e.g. Hawaii) is examined as a product of deep-seated mantle plumes. This volume contributes new data on the tectonomagmatic frameworks of the Eastern Mediterranean-including the Hellenic and Calabrian arcs-and the Lesser Caucasus collision zone. Furthermore, it analyses the influence of stress gradients on faulting and dike emplacement mechanisms in Santorini and Iceland.