Wearable Devices to Monitor and Reduce the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence and Opportunities

There is a growing interest in using wearable devices to improve cardiovascular risk factors and care. This review evaluates how wearable devices are used for cardiovascular disease monitoring and risk reduction. Wearables have been evaluated for detecting arrhythmias (e.g., atrial fibrillation) as well as monitoring physical activity, sleep, and blood pressure. Thus far, most interventions for risk reduction have focused on increasing physical activity. Interventions have been more successful if the use of wearable devices is combined with an engagement strategy such as incorporating principles from behavioral economics to integrate social or financial incentives. As the technology continues to evolve, wearable devices could be an important part of remote-monitoring interventions but are more likely to be effective at improving cardiovascular care if integrated into programs that use an effective behavior change strategy.