To address the limitations of traditional straight-line energy dissipation basins in meeting energy dissipation requirements due to terrain, geology, and hub layout constraints, this study investigates the influence mechanism of curved basin geometry on flow characteristics within the basin. Employing a combined approach of numerical simulation and physical model validation, five key geometric parameters—basin width, turning radius, turning angle, tail weir height, and tail weir slope ratio—were selected. Multiple experiments were conducted using orthogonal experimental design. Core evaluation metrics including the transverse slope of the water surface, uniformity of water depth, and longitudinal flow velocity in the bend were used to analyze the regulatory effects of geometric parameters on flow patterns in curved energy dissipation basins. The study reveals significant differences in the influence of each geometric parameter on the transverse slope of the water surface, with basin width being the dominant factor. Water depth uniformity exhibits pronounced turning angle dependency, and the synergistic effect of basin width and turning radius on uniformity regulation varies under different turning angles. Longitudinal flow velocity along the curve follows specific spatial distribution patterns, and changes in geometric parameters induce differences in flow phenomena such as backflow and vortices. These findings provide theoretical support for the engineering design and parameter optimization of curved energy dissipation basins.
Sun et al. (Fri,) studied this question.