Pu-erh tea attenuates obesity by remodeling gut microbiota and activating energy expenditure

Under HFD conditions, the anti-obesity effect of PTE is dependent on the synergistic effect of BAT metabolic remodeling and gut microbiota regulation. PTE activates BAT thermogenic function, promotes fatty acid oxidation, increases gut microbiota richness, and reduces the F/B ratio. These effects collectively enhance systemic energy metabolism and ultimately ameliorate obesity phenotypes. This study provides critical theoretical support for the development of PTE-based anti-obesity functional preparations and lays a foundation for subsequent in-depth exploration of specific molecular targets through which PTE regulates BAT function.