A detection system is an electronic device that uses electromagnetic waves to determine the altitude, range, direction, or speed of objects, whether moving or stationary. In contrast, ultrasonic waves are used instead of electromagnetic waves in ultrasonic detection system. It has many advantages. Its low power consumption, low cost, and ease of implementation and use make it well-suited for various applications, including security systems, object detection and avoidance systems in robotics. In this paper, a low-cost ultrasonic detection system using Arduino microcontroller and processing software was developed. This system makes measurements of distance, direction or speed of both moving and fixed object. The ultrasonic sensors measure the distance to target objects using non-contact technology. They provide accurate distance measurement without causing damage and are easy to use. The sensor receives signals in analog form, which are then converted to a digital format and processed by a microcontroller. The detection distance of the proposed system is tested up to 400 cm for different types of objects: fabrics and aluminum. The distance error between the system and the objects were determined. The results obtained for all types of objects prove that a very low error can be achieved using the proposed design.
Bchiri et al. (Tue,) studied this question.