Version 3. 0: A substrate-based phenomenological alternative to cold dark matter in which the dark matter signal is modeled as the energy maintenance budget of a pre-existing 2D spatial substrate. Using four global parameters (lambda=0. 1, kappa=2. 0, grid=256, layers=8) and zero per-galaxy tuning, we classify 175 SPARC rotation curve galaxies into six physically distinct substrate interaction states. On 29 representative galaxies, BCM achieves a mean reduced chi-squared of 42. 1 compared to NFW's 92. 1 (two fitted parameters per galaxy) and MOND's 1630. 4. The framework generates falsifiable predictions for IceCube/KM3NeT neutrino flavor gradients, Betelgeuse tachocline recovery, and binary mass transfer rates. All code and data: https: //github. com/Joy4joy4all/Burdick-Crag-Mass Version 4. 0: Preprint presenting a substrate wave model for galactic rotation curves using four frozen global parameters and zero per-galaxy tuning. Reduced chi-squared comparison against NFW and MOND on 29 SPARC galaxies: BCM wins 13/29 (mean χ²=42. 1 vs NFW 92. 1), dominates massive bracket 7/12 (avg χ²=62. 7 vs NFW 241. 8). MOND wins 0/29. The substrate maintenance luminosity scales as L_ν ~ vₘax³. 9, independently recovering the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation (L ~ v⁴; Tully σcrit saturation limit discovered; Alpha Centauri 8/8 stable; Π = σₑdge/σcrit control parameter). Covers v1-v24 results. Full chi-squared comparison (13/29 BCM wins, mean χ²=42. 1 vs NFW 92. 1), neutrino flux prediction (L_ν ~ v³. 9 Tully-Fisher recovery), and falsifiable predictions including 225 benchtop device.
Stephen Justin Senior Burdick (Wed,) studied this question.