In-situ observation of ferroelectric-antiferroelectric structural evolution in Sr-modulated sodium niobate with unraveling the polarization origin

Key Points

• The aim is to explore how structural changes affect different electrical orderings in sodium niobate.
• Utilized in-situ observation techniques to monitor structural evolution.
• Investigated the effects of Sr modulation on electrical properties and ordering.
• Analyzed polarization origins related to structural changes.
• Demonstrated distinct transitions between ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases.
• Identified key mechanisms influencing electrical ordering stability.
• Provided insights into the polarization origins linked to structural variations.