Export Neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder, are major contributors to global disability, yet their diagnosis and treatment still largely rely on subjective symptom-based classifications. The recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI), multimodal neuroimaging, wearable sensors, and mobile health applications have rapidly transformed the field of psychiatry. This narrative review summarizes recent advances across three intersecting areas, which form the core pillars of digital psychiatry. First, AI-based neuroimaging has advanced from group-level analyses to individualized prediction, providing interpretable objective markers such as brain-age prediction for early detection and mechanistic understanding. Second, the field of precision brain neuromodulation has been emerging, combining neuroimaging markers with data-driven algorithms for real-time closed-loop optimization of stimulation targets, potentially leading to patient-specific therapeutic strategies in brain stimulation technologies such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial focused ultrasound, and temporal interference brain stimulation. Third, point-of-care digital tools and digital phenotyping have been developed on smartphones and wearable devices, with a goal of continuous in real-world conditions measurement of behavior, cognition, and sleep, to provide dynamic insights into mental health trajectories. Together, these technologies foster a paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized psychiatry. Looking forward, the field must address challenges of interoperability, privacy, and equitable access to ensure that digital innovations enhance, rather than exacerbate, disparities in mental health care. The convergence of AI, neuroimaging, neuromodulation, and digital phenotyping represents not only the technological frontier of neuropsychiatry but also the pathway toward a holistic, precision-based, and ethically grounded future of mental health.
A.-H. Yang (Thu,) studied this question.