ABSTRACT The use of dyes in various industries, mostly in the textile industry, has been a practice for centuries. Dyes are aromatic compounds with exceptional properties like solubility and color‐imparting. These properties let the synthetic dyes for large‐scale use in industries. However, long‐term exposure to dyes conveys a substantial threat to both human life and the environment. So, the researcher faces a significant challenge in identifying sustainable methods to remove dye from industry wastewater before it is exposed to the environment. Adsorption is an ancient sustainable wastewater treatment technique used for removal of toxic dyes from wastewater and nowadays, bio‐adsorption has become one of the major components of environmental as well as bioresource technology, due to higher competence of dye removal, recyclability of the adsorbents, and cost‐effectiveness. So, most of the researcher now aims at the extraction and application of bio‐adsorbents which are naturally obtained. In this review paper, different methodologies involving physical, chemical, and biological for dye removal, the concept of bio‐adsorption and its parameters are discussed. The critical analysis of the use of agro waste‐based bio‐adsorbents and modified bio‐adsorbents, focusing their potential in remediation of toxic organic dyes from wastewater along with the future scope of bio‐adsorption is summarized in detail.
Majumdar et al. (Wed,) studied this question.