The work is devoted to the analysis of the features of inflammatory periodontal diseases in children with autism spectrum disorders. The study was based on the data on the high prevalence of dental pathology in this group of patients and the lack of adapted clinical approaches to their management. The aim of the study was to summarize information on the pathogenetic, immunological, microbiological, and clinical mechanisms of periodontal lesions in children with autism spectrum disorders and to justify the need for modification of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The work was conducted in the form of an analytical review of scientific literature. The analysis included publications by Russian and foreign authors on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal diseases in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The methodological basis was based on a comparative analysis of clinical, laboratory, and microbiological data, as well as an assessment of current concepts of neuroimmune interaction. The review findings suggest that inflammatory periodontal diseases in children with autism spectrum disorders are influenced by a complex of factors, including impaired oral hygiene behavior, sensory hypersensitivity, changes in the immune response, and dysbiotic alterations in the oral microbiome. It has been shown that the combination of neuroinflammatory and immune disorders contributes to the chronification of the process and the formation of atypical clinical manifestations. The authors conclude that it is necessary to develop adapted diagnostic algorithms and individualized therapeutic programs based on an interdisciplinary approach and minimally invasive treatment methods, which will increase the effectiveness of prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in this category of patients.
Kirtaeva et al. (Sun,) studied this question.